GMAT考试中常考的语法知识点

    GMAT的语法部分，也就是 Sentence Correction 部分，因为它在整个verbal部分的地位最高，以至于很多同学在复习的时候给予了它非常多的期待，甚至还有江湖流传说：得语法者得 GMAT考试。今天，我们就一起看看那些 GMAT 必考和常考的知识点。

01、平行结构

    出现频率：20%

    难度系数：2 星

    平行结构作为GMAT考试中最大考点，在平常学习得时候相信大家也感受到了它无处不在的魅力，任何时候平行结构都要求其前后平行的对象是语法功能相同的。

NO.1  and

    and是gmat 考试必考的点，即使不单独设置题目也一定和其他考点组合着顺带考察。

NO.2  but

    But在gmat语法考试中和and一样考察平行的，所以看到but第一件事就是判断其前后是否平行。

NO.3  both …and

    Both…and搭配喜欢考察一个错误的搭配both…as well as;同时both…and要求前后非常严格的平行，both后面有什么and后面就要求有同样语法功能的对象。

NO.4  either…or

    Either…or的平行原则和both…and一致。

NO.5  not only…but also

    Not only…but also这个结构中only可以替换成just，also可以省略。平行原则类似于both…and.

    接下来我们看一道例题，了解一下平行结构的考法长成什么样。

    Drawing on her roots in a society that has a strong tra- dition of story-telling and oral renditions of the past, Indian writer Suniti Namjoshi incorporates many types of litera- ture into her writing: including historical texts, legends, and even nursery rhymes from both Indian as well as European sources.

    A) writing: including historical texts, legends, and even nursery rhymes from both Indian as well as

    B) writing: historical texts, legends, and even nursery rhymes from both Indian and

    C) writing: these include historical texts, legends, and even nursery rhymes from both Indian and

    D) writing, which includes historical texts, legends, and even nursery rhymes both from Indian as well as

    E) writing that includes historical texts, legends, and even nursery rhymes both from Indian and

    本题考察both…as well as搭配错误。以及both…and平行问题，根据这个点可以扔掉ADE。

02、句子架构

    出现频率：60%

    难度系数：3 星

    句子架构是基础功底要求，理论上解决所有的题目都需要用到句子架构的能力，所以这里我们把它的比例写的非常高。但是句子架构真正考察的时候，喜欢考察句子架构完整性，而考察句子架构完整的时候，只考察句子的谓语有没有，选项差异点是谓语和非谓语动词，往往我们选择谓语动词。

    Often visible as smog, ozone is formed in the atmosphere from hydrocarbons and nitrogen oxides, two major pollutants emitted by automobiles, react with sunlight.

    A) ozone is formed in the atmosphere from

    B) ozone is formed in the atmosphere when

    C) ozone is formed in the atmosphere, and when

    D) ozone, formed in the atmosphere when

    E) ozone, formed in the atmosphere from

    本题考察句子架构：区分点谓语动词和非谓语动词，只有谓语动词可以让句子架构完整，所以DE 错误。本题顺便还考察了and前后平行问题，C选项错误。

03、比较结构

    出现频率：10%

    难度系数：5 星

NO.1 like& as

    Like表“像”是介词，后面不可以接完整的句子。

    而as表“像”是连词，后面可以接完整的句子，不可以直接接名词。

NO.2 more than/less than/as…as

    比较结构最基本的考察是搭配,不可以出现的混搭一般有以下这些：more…as; as…than; more…compared with/ compared to/in comparison to; more…rather than/instead of;

    另外注意出现数字比如20cm或者2000years等后面不能接as…as

NO.3 助动词补出

    名词比较的时候往往考察有没有资格补出助动词，记住只有和作主语的名词比较的名词才有资格补出助动词。

    Carbon-14 dating reveals that the megalithic monuments in Brittany are nearly 2,000 years as old as any of their supposed Mediterranean predecessors.

    A) as old as any of their supposed

    B) older than any of their supposed

    C) as old as their supposed

    D) older than any of their supposedly

    E) as old as their supposedly

    本题典型的未划线出现数字2, 000 years，数字不可以和as…as原级搭配，所以ACE错误。

04、that 从句

    出现频率：12%

    难度系数：3 星

NO.1  that引导定语从句

    that引导限定性定语从句，所以that和它所修饰的名词不可以直接用逗号隔开，另外that一定要在从句中充当主语或者宾语。

NO.2  同位语从句考点

    抽象名词需要一个that引导的同位语从句才可以把其内容完全表达清楚。

NO.3  宾语从句考点

    研究表明，证据表明，理论认为的都是事实，事实必须是that引导的从句才可以表达清楚。

05、代词

    出现频率：10%

    难度系数：3 星

NO.1  it

    It为特指代词，指代名词及其修饰语，所以考察it的时候常常喜欢和that一起考，而that仅仅指代名词本身就可以。比如the weather in Beijing is better than that in shanghai.这个代词that 指代weather，但是如果换成it则错误，因为it会指代the weather in Beijing这个整体，就不合理了。

NO.2  they／them／their

    Gmat考察代词they的时候喜欢考察，一个句子中同一个代词指代不同的名词错误，比如前面看到一个they想指代a名词，后面出现they或者them／their想要指代名词b错误。当然也会简单考察代词单复数是否正确。

NO.3  this

    Gmat考试中this只考察一个点：就是不要裸奔，不要试图用this指代一句话，它做不到，this要正确，必须是this car或者this case之类的场景。

    Like any star of similar mass would do, once the Sun has exhausted the hydrogen in its core, it expands into a red giant, eventually ejecting its outer envelope of gases to be- come a white dwarf.

    A) Like any star of similar mass would do, once the Sun has exhausted the hydrogen in its core, itexpands into a red giant, eventually ejecting

    B) Like any star of similar mass, once the hydrogen in the Sun's core is exhausted, then it expands into a red giant and eventually ejects

    C) As in the case of any star of similar mass, once the hydrogen in the Sun's core is exhausted, it will expand into a red giant, and eventually ejecting

    D) As any star of similar mass would, once the hydrogen in the Sun's core is exhausted it will expand into a red giant and will eventually eject

    E) As would be the case with any star of similar mass, once the Sun exhausts the hydrogen in its core,it will expand into a red giant and eventually eject

    本题首先涉及了like和as考点，同时涉及了代词it考点，根据like和as考点可以干掉ABCD。根据it考点可以干掉BCD。

06、主谓一致

    出现频率：8%

    难度系数：2 星

NO.1  主语有很长的修饰语

    一般主谓一致的考题，都是考察我们能不能找到核心的主语是谁，所以往往给名词跟很长的定语，梳理清楚之后，主语的单复数是比较容易判断的。

NO.2  倒装结构

    倒装结构往往也是考察主谓一致，记住，如果你在谓语动词前面没有找到主语，一定碰到了倒装结构，倒装结构的真主是紧跟谓语之后的名词。

    Out of America’s fascination with all things antique have grown a market for bygone styles of furniture and fixtures that are bringing back the chaise lounge, the over- stuffed sofa, and the claw-footed bathtub.

    A) things antique have grown a market for bygone styles of furniture and fixtures that are bringing

    B) things antique has grown a market for bygone styles of furniture and fixtures that is bringing

    C) things that are antiques has grown a market for bygone styles of furniture and fixtures that bring

    D) antique things have grown a market for bygone styles of furniture and fixtures that are bringing

    E) antique things has grown a market for bygone styles of furniture and fixtures that bring

    本题出现了倒装结构，主语是a market，谓语动词只能使用单数形式has grown，所以选项AD 错误。

07、时态

    出现频率：7%

    难度系数：4 星

    时态永远是为了传递不同的时间概念，所以不要强求所有时态一致，因为时态就是为了服务不同的表达含义，并不是为了全世界长的一样。所以根据场景判断这里动词是怎样的时间概念，然后根据时间概念来确定动词的时态。

    Although a surge in retail sales have raised hopes that there is a recovery finally under way, many economists say that without a large amount of spending the recovery might not last.

    A) have raised hopes that there is a recovery finally

    B) raised hopes for there being a recovery finally

    C) had raised hopes for a recovery finally being

    D) has raised hopes that a recovery is finally

    E) raised hopes for a recovery finally

    本题考察时态，句子本身没有明确的时间概念，通过主从句时态一致原则来判断。主句时态是一般现在时态，从句使用属于现在范畴的时态比较合适，所以BCE错误。

08、逻辑主语

    出现频率：6%

    难度系数：3 星

    逻辑主语往往是doing或者done放到句首，要求句子的主语是doing或者done的动作发出者或者接受者。

    Spanning more than 50 years, Friedrich Müller began his career in an unpromising apprenticeship as a Sanskrit scholar and culminated in virtually every honor that European governments and learned societies could bestow.

    A) Müller began his career in an unpromising apprenticeship as

    B) Müller’s career began in an unpromising apprenticeship as

    C) Müller’s career began with the unpromising apprenticeship of being

    D) Müller had begun his career with the unpromising apprenticeship of being

    E) the career of Müller has begun with an unpromising apprenticeship of

    本题是典型的给出doing结果，考察逻辑主语是谁更加合适。这里spanning表示跨度和范围，逻辑主语是career比较合适，所以AD错误。

09、非谓语动词

    出现频率：5%

    难度系数：4 星

    非谓语动词这里最喜欢考察的是 SVO, doing.的结构中，首先doing不可以跨过逗号就近修饰名词，doing可以作主语的伴随状语，也可以作整句话的结果状语。

    The cameras of the Voyager II spacecraft detected six small, previously unseen moons circling Uranus,which doubles to twelve the number of satellites now known as orbiting the distant planet.

    (A) which doubles to twelve the number of satellites now known as orbiting

    (B) doubling to twelve the number of satellites now known to orbit

    (C) which doubles to twelve the number of satellites now known in orbit around

    (D) doubling to twelve the number of satellites now known as orbiting

    (E) which doubles to twelve the number of satellites now known that orbit

    这道题目选项的第一个差异点就是在考察：结果状语 VS 定语从句，前面整件事发生导致了后面的结果，应该适用which指代前面一整句话还是doing作为结果状语，在gmat考试中which不可以指代一整句话，所以ACE 错误。

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