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GRE考试新题思路分析

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2022-01-19 09:54:44|已浏览:289次

GRE考试新题思路分析

Issue 新题

Vol.1

      Some people believe that it is helpful to view a challenging situation as an opportunity for personal growth. Others believe that reimagining challenging situations this way occupies too much of the focus one needs to face challenges effectively.

      Write a response in which you discuss which view more closely aligns with your own position and explain your reasoning for the position you take. In developing and supporting your position, you should address both of the views presented.

思路分析

      题目以双方观点矛盾冲突体现出来,围绕同一个概念challenging situation展开不同的看法,一方认为有利于成长,另一方则认为会过度关注,暗示着有不好的地方。但是从论证角度来看,离开具体的情景说好还是不好都有失偏颇,所以考生需要自行加入场景才能够开展自己的立场论证。

      观察题目其实已经把大背景确立下了,双方矛盾冲突点一方重点在personal growth,另一方重点在face challenges effectively,把二者联系起来,题目其实给我们的线索就是围绕应对挑战和个人成长之间的关系展开。

      一方面,有效应对了挑战是否一定意味着能够获得个人成长,支持者会说成长就是不断应对挑战突破极限的过程,而困难与挑战一定是成长过程中不可避免的。而反对者则会指出,人生中只有很少的因素会真正影响到我们的成长,多数情况下即便是挑战可能根本就不会意识到,当然也不会影响到自身的成长。

      深入讨论一下,之所以会有上述两个不同的角度论述,其实是没有给personal growth明确的定义,因此需要从另一个方面论述,即获得personal growth是否一定要通过face challenges effectively。如果把personal growth侧重点放在意识到自身的不足,那么面对挑战则能让人意识到自己的不足之处;而如果把personal growth 侧重点放在找到人生的方向并且主动努力,那么面对挑战之前首要的考虑不是如何克服困难,而是思考该挑战本身是否有价值,是否会影响到对于未来的信心。

Vol.2

      Some people believe that traveling to and living in numerous places increases one's ability to relate and connect to other people. Others believe that this ability is better cultivated by living in one place and developing a deep understanding of that community.

      Write a response in which you discuss which view more closely aligns with your own position and explain your reasoning for the position you take. In developing and supporting your position, you should address both of the views presented.

思路分析

      和第一题类似,也用双方矛盾冲突的形式呈现出不同的观点,不过这里双方都是围绕同一个目的展开的观点,即ability to relate and connect to other people,一方认为需要不同地方旅游,另一方则认为要深入理解一个地方。这样的话题对于有过旅游经历的考生并不陌生,事实上不同地方走走看看和同一地方停留两者之间本身就不是矛盾的关系,如同在一个地方住腻了就出去看看,走累了就停下来歇歇。不过既然出在了写作题目,我们就有必要探究一下双方深层次的出发点。对于考生而言,就是要自行定义deep understanding of that community或者connect to other people意义究竟在哪里。

      Connect 单词《韦氏字典》解释是to become joined,在题目给定的话题中指的则是自己和他人之间的共通之处,因此在此话题中只讨论自身不涉及对方的讨论本身就或多或少会存在问题。从这个角度来说,deep understanding意义在于深刻理解每个文化背后代表的该民族特有的信仰,避免可能的冲突并且通过融入当地行为方式从而建立连接;而从另一个角度而言,共通点既可以来源于现有的理念,也可以通过共同努力创造出来,所以living in numerous places满足对方的好奇心,也可以让自己成为一个能够包容不同思维模式的人。

      上述构思讨论了如何connect with people,而要深入探讨题目中的双方是否有意义就需要讨论connect with people 究竟有何意义。个人作为社会的一员,依赖于通过社会评价体系给出的反馈寻找自身价值,因此作为外来者有义务理解这个群体的共同行为方式符合对方的预期,才有可能获得广泛的认同。然而如果个人的意义完全依赖于他人的评价则失去了作为个人的独立意义,也就意味着connect to other people 不应该以牺牲自身的独特性作为代价。从这个角度展开,尽管deep understanding 更容易获得认可,但是也会让个人更加容易受他人的约束。因此到不同的地方旅游不仅仅是满足好奇心,同时也是给自己留出未来改变的可能性。

Vol.3

      Claim: Young people's tendency to make extensive use of portable devices like smartphones and tablets has hurt their development of social skills.

      Reason: These devices encourage users to form artificial personalities and relationships online rather than fully and honestly engaging with the people around them.

      Write a response in which you discuss the extent to which you agree or disagree with the claim and the reason on which that claim is based.

思路分析

      题目采取reason – claim的标准论证形式,可以通过有效逻辑推理看出题目的话外音,从而找到不同的思路。有效的论证指的是证据和结论紧密连接的关系,通常而言有两个方面的考察:一方面证据成立的时候一定能够得出原文结论,不可能得出相反的结论;另一方面结论成立的时候影响因素唯有原文的证据,不存在其他没有考虑到的影响因素。

      题目论点和原因中都涉及了手机平板这类电子产品的使用,最终要证明电子产品会损害社交技能,原因是电子产品会有artificial personality而非完全融入交流。题目的重点在于development of social skills和artificial personality之间的关系,按照有效论证的考察,一方面虚拟人格(artificial personality)对于社交是否真的水火不容?这就可以从电子产品的意义去入手讨论,支持者可以说社会交往重要的是分享共情的能力,电子产品能够做到信息的高效传递但是文字信息所蕴含的感情不是远距离打字可以体会的;反对者则可把电子产品定义成为社会发展的必然产物,而接受新生事物亦是发展社交能力所必须具备的能力。不仅如此,而且电子产品只是社会人实现自身目的的工具,即便交流形式从口头信息变成了文字信息,但是语言表达的习惯依然受制于双方的文化习俗,因此理解感情并非难事。另一方面从发展社交能力的意义入手,是否必须要通过参与面对面交流实现,而不能够通过发展虚拟人格实现?这个角度就要求从social skills 定义发展来讨论,其实可以结合题目中给到的young people 来讨论。年轻人需要得到社会他人的认可,而发达的电子搜索功能则会某种程度上限制他们探索社会的能力;但是另一方面,年轻人之所以需要他人的认可最终是为了认可自己的事业和理想,因而整个社会的发展也必须考虑到年轻人不同的需求。面对面交流对多数人可能会收获很多,但对于社恐青年可能并不友好。而且社会对于年轻人要求不应该等同于完全的成年人,前者并不能够对自己的言行完全负有责任,因而通过一定的程序设计出虚拟程序,从而形成的虚拟人格也是形成完整人格的必经之路。

      总言之,考生采取的立场以及论证的关键在于social skills 和artificial personality两个关键概念的定义。

Argument 新题

Vol.1

      The following memo was published by the Welzaton City Commission.

      "A recent nationwide study of the effectiveness of wearing a safety helmet while bicycling indicates that ten years ago approximately 35 percent of all bicyclists reported wearing helmets, whereas today that number is nearly 80 percent. Another study, however, cites a 200 percent increase in the number of serious accidents involving bicycles during the same period. Meanwhile, results of a local survey of frequent bicycle riders indicate that 75 percent of those riders feel 'much safer' on busy roads when they wear helmets than when they don't. Clearly, the best explanation for the rise in bicycle-related accidents is that bicyclists take more risks now than they did ten years ago because they feel safer when they are wearing helmets."

      Write a response in which you discuss one or more alternative explanations that could rival the proposed explanation and explain how your explanation(s) can plausibly account for the facts presented in the argument.

思路分析

      原文最终的结论是要说骑手骑车更加危险了,证据主要从两个方面来说明。一个是安全帽本身可以提供安全,证据是local survey说骑手感觉更加安全;另一方面通过之前安全帽带了事故也多想要排除骑手自身导致的事故,这里作者用了两份报告,一份reported wearing helmet证明真的戴了,另一份200% accident increase想要说明事故真的多了。

漏洞:

      1、 事故增加200%不一定增加很多,从10起到30起

      2、 Bicyclists 证词不一定可靠:主要精力都在路况上面,是否真的戴了不一定记得

      3、 事故增加的人一定戴了头盔:可能20%不戴头盔的人是事故增加的主力;

      4、 Feel safer不一定真的安全:道路危险可能交警都无法预知

Vol.2

      The following memorandum is from the president of Primo Doll Manufacturing, Inc.

      "According to a survey last year of parents who purchased the Elkie, our most popular doll, 90 percent reported that although their children were extremely satisfied with the doll's features, the doll quickly wore out with use. In a follow-up survey of the same parents, 80 percent reported that they would recommend a more durable version of the doll to their friends. In response to these surveys, we have created the Elkie-Advanced Doll, which has similar features to the original Elkie Doll but is manufactured using the same higher quality materials used by Optima Doll Manufacturing, our most successful competitor. Because parents can now purchase the beloved Elkie doll and be sure that it won't quickly wear out with use, we predict that our profits will exceed those of Optima Doll Manufacturing this year."

      Write a response in which you discuss what questions would need to be answered in order to decide whether the prediction and the argument on which it is based are reasonable. Be sure to explain how the answers to these questions would help to evaluate the prediction.

思路分析

      原文最终想要证明新款娃娃可以让公司利润超过竞争对手,主要论述分三方面说明。第一是用去年的survey说明原来的娃娃有问题,然后说用了竞争对手也在使用的材料想要证明新款娃娃一定比之前的旧款质量好,最后结合另一份survey说很多人会推荐给朋友来证明新款的娃娃大家会去买。

漏洞:

      1、 doll quickly wore out是否真的是大问题,parents认为quickly可能对于厂家来说很正常,而且可能之后消费者习惯了就不是大问题

      2、 竞争对手使用不一定代表没有问题,可能Optima现在用的材料已经出现了问题;即便真的没有问题,Primo可能也用不了,因为不适用生产机器;即便可以适用,advanced doll可能还有其他缺陷导致消费者不买,或者成本极高

      3、 推荐给朋友对方是否一定会买,即便会买,之前会推荐给朋友是否未来也会推荐

      4、 未来企业是否会保持盈利,新产品是否会挤占其他产品/业务的资源?

      Optima有没有采取类似的措施增加利润

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